自動化(hua)設(she)備在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)最初(chu)應用是在(zai)汽(qi)車和工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，主要用于汽(qi)車及(ji)工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械的(de)噴涂及(ji)焊接。目(mu)前，由于機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)技術以及(ji)研發的(de)落后，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)還主要應用在(zai)制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)，非制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)使(shi)用的(de)較(jiao)少。據(ju)統計，近幾(ji)年國(guo)內廠家所生產的(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)有超過一半是提供給(gei)汽(qi)車行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。可見(jian)，汽(qi)車工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發展是近幾(ji)年我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)增長(chang)的(de)原動力之一。

1、位(wei)于(yu)傳(chuan)感(gan)器：當(dang)物件(jian)位(wei)置發生移動或(huo)兩個表面(mian)有位(wei)置差(cha)別時，位(wei)移量(liang)或(huo)位(wei)置差(cha)可用(yong)位(wei)移傳(chuan)感(gan)器來測(ce)量(liang)。比如激光位(wei)移傳(chuan)感(gan)器，將激光束投射到物件(jian)上(shang)，利用(yong)三角測(ce)量(liang)法測(ce)量(liang)出物件(jian)的(de)位(wei)移量(liang)。

2、視覺傳感(gan)器(qi)：機(ji)器(qi)視覺檢測（識別(bie)）系統一般由(you)數(shu)碼攝像(xiang)機(ji)、光源、計算機(ji)、圖像(xiang)采(cai)集(ji)卡、監視屏以(yi)及機(ji)械安裝(zhuang)和(he)調節(jie)裝(zhuang)置組成(cheng)。

3、光(guang)電(dian)傳感器：光(guang)電(dian)傳感器通常稱光(guang)電(dian)開關(guan)，它(ta)由(you)投光(guang)-受光(guang)頭、放大器、電(dian)源-控制器等三個組件組成

　　焊(han)接機器(qi)人在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車(che)制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)中發揮著不可替代的作(zuo)用(yong)，焊(han)接機器(qi)人是在(zai)(zai)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)機器(qi)人基礎(chu)上發展起來的先(xian)進焊(han)接設備，是從事焊(han)接（包(bao)括切割與噴(pen)涂(tu)）的工業(ye)(ye)(ye)機器(qi)人，主(zhu)要用(yong)于工業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)動化領域，其(qi)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)于汽(qi)車(che)及其(qi)零(ling)部件制造、摩(mo)托車(che)、工程機械(xie)等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車(che)生(sheng)產(chan)的沖壓(ya)、焊(han)裝、涂(tu)裝、總裝四大(da)生(sheng)產(chan)工藝過(guo)程都有廣(guang)泛應用(yong)，其(qi)中應用(yong)最多(duo)的以弧焊(han)、點焊(han)為主(zhu)。

（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)：制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)中包(bao)含(han)若干個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，每個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序又可能包(bao)含(han)若干個(ge)基(ji)本動(dong)作以及(ji)操縱和管理這(zhe)些基(ji)本動(dong)作的操作動(dong)作。自動(dong)機及(ji)自動(dong)裝置僅代替人完成一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)輔(fu)助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)。

（2）自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)(xian)：如果一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)藝過程中的每個(ge)加工(gong)(gong)、檢驗工(gong)(gong)序(xu)都自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)了，而(er)且各(ge)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的輸送聯系環也(ye)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)了，工(gong)(gong)人只(zhi)需對整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)藝進(jin)行(xing)總操作和監督，這就形成了自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)加工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)(xian)。

（3）自動化制造(zao)系統：從原材料(liao)到最終成平的生產全過程(cheng)都不(bu)需(xu)要人工干預，這就形成了制造(zao)過程(cheng)自動化。

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)（簡稱 IR）是(shi)廣泛適用(yong)的(de)(de)能夠(gou)自主(zhu)動作(zuo)，且多軸聯(lian)動的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械設備。它們通常配(pei)備有機(ji)(ji)械手、刀具或其他可裝配(pei)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，以及(ji)能夠(gou)執行搬運操作(zuo)與加工(gong)(gong)(gong)制造的(de)(de)任務。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)在(zai)汽車(che)生產(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)有：點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，鉚接(jie)，涂膠，噴涂等(deng)。在(zai)汽車(che)零部件的(de)(de)生產(chan)中(zhong)廣泛采用(yong)了點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、凸(tu)(tu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、縫(feng)(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)及(ji)電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。例如：橫梁(liang)總成托架點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，傳(chuan)動軸平(ping)衡片凸(tu)(tu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽車(che)燃油箱縫(feng)(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽車(che)輪(lun)圈連續(xu)閃光對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽車(che)轉向(xiang)臂(bei)、消聲器、凈化器殼體(ti)的(de)(de)電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)。

       目前，焊(han)接工業(ye)機器(qi)人(ren)在一汽(qi)、上汽(qi)、沈陽中順、金杯通(tong)用、重慶長安、湖南(nan)長豐(feng)等整車制(zhi)造企業(ye)廣泛應用，據統計每輛汽(qi)車車身(shen)上，大(da)約(yue)有3000～4000個電阻點焊(han)焊(han)點，電阻點焊(han)技術的應用實現了汽(qi)車車身(shen)制(zhi)造的量產(chan)化與(yu)自動化設(she)備。

 相關標(biao)簽：自(zi)動(dong)化設備 灌膠機