自動化設備在(zai)我國(guo)，工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人的最初應用是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)汽車(che)和工程機(ji)(ji)械行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，主要(yao)(yao)用于(yu)汽車(che)及(ji)工程機(ji)(ji)械的噴涂及(ji)焊接。目前(qian)，由于(yu)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人技術(shu)以及(ji)研發(fa)的落(luo)后，工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人還主要(yao)(yao)應用在(zai)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，非制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)使用的較少。據統計，近幾年(nian)國(guo)內廠家(jia)所(suo)生(sheng)產的工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人有(you)超過(guo)一半是(shi)(shi)(shi)提供給(gei)汽車(che)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。可(ke)見，汽車(che)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的發(fa)展是(shi)(shi)(shi)近幾年(nian)我國(guo)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人增長的原動力(li)之一。

1、位(wei)于傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)：當(dang)物件(jian)位(wei)置發生移(yi)動或兩(liang)個表(biao)面有位(wei)置差(cha)別時，位(wei)移(yi)量(liang)或位(wei)置差(cha)可用位(wei)移(yi)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)。比如激光位(wei)移(yi)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，將激光束(shu)投射到物件(jian)上，利用三角測(ce)量(liang)法測(ce)量(liang)出物件(jian)的位(wei)移(yi)量(liang)。

2、視(shi)覺傳感器：機(ji)器視(shi)覺檢測(ce)（識別）系統一般由數碼攝(she)像機(ji)、光源、計(ji)算機(ji)、圖像采(cai)集卡(ka)、監視(shi)屏以及(ji)機(ji)械安裝(zhuang)和調(diao)節裝(zhuang)置組成。

3、光(guang)電(dian)傳感器(qi)(qi)：光(guang)電(dian)傳感器(qi)(qi)通常(chang)稱(cheng)光(guang)電(dian)開關，它由投光(guang)-受光(guang)頭、放大器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)源-控制器(qi)(qi)等三(san)個組(zu)件組(zu)成

　　焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)機器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)汽(qi)車(che)制造(zao)業中發揮(hui)著不可(ke)替代的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)機器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)是在(zai)工(gong)業機器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)基礎上發展起來的(de)先進焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)設備，是從事焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)（包(bao)括切割與噴涂）的(de)工(gong)業機器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)，主(zhu)要用(yong)于工(gong)業自動化領域，其(qi)廣泛(fan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于汽(qi)車(che)及其(qi)零部(bu)件制造(zao)、摩(mo)托(tuo)車(che)、工(gong)程機械等行業，在(zai)汽(qi)車(che)生(sheng)產的(de)沖壓、焊(han)(han)(han)裝、涂裝、總裝四大生(sheng)產工(gong)藝(yi)過程都有廣泛(fan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，其(qi)中應(ying)(ying)用(yong)最多(duo)的(de)以弧焊(han)(han)(han)、點焊(han)(han)(han)為主(zhu)。

（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序自(zi)動化(hua)：制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程中(zhong)包(bao)(bao)含若干(gan)(gan)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，每(mei)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序又(you)可能包(bao)(bao)含若干(gan)(gan)個基(ji)(ji)本動作(zuo)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)操縱和管(guan)理這些基(ji)(ji)本動作(zuo)的操作(zuo)動作(zuo)。自(zi)動機及(ji)(ji)自(zi)動裝置(zhi)僅代替人完成(cheng)一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)(ji)輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序自(zi)動化(hua)。

（2）自動(dong)化(hua)生(sheng)產線：如(ru)果一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程中的(de)每個(ge)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、檢驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序都(dou)自動(dong)化(hua)了(le)，而且各個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)輸送聯系環也(ye)自動(dong)化(hua)了(le)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人只需對整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝進行總操作和監督，這(zhe)就形成了(le)自動(dong)化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產線。

（3）自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化制造系統(tong)：從原(yuan)材料到最終成平的生產全過(guo)程都不(bu)需要人工(gong)干(gan)預(yu)，這(zhe)就(jiu)形成了制造過(guo)程自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化。

　　工(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)（簡稱 IR）是(shi)廣泛適用(yong)(yong)的(de)能夠自(zi)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)，且多軸(zhou)聯動(dong)(dong)的(de)機(ji)械(xie)設備。它們(men)通常配(pei)備有機(ji)械(xie)手、刀具(ju)或(huo)其他可裝(zhuang)配(pei)的(de)加工(gong)工(gong)具(ju)，以及能夠執行搬運操作(zuo)與加工(gong)制(zhi)造的(de)任務。工(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)在汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)生產中的(de)主(zhu)要應用(yong)(yong)有：點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，鉚接(jie)，涂膠，噴涂等(deng)。在汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)零部件(jian)的(de)生產中廣泛采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)及電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)工(gong)藝。例如：橫梁(liang)總成托(tuo)架點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，傳動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)平(ping)衡片(pian)凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)燃油箱縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)輪圈連續閃光對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)轉向臂、消聲器、凈(jing)化器殼體(ti)的(de)電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)。

       目前，焊接工業機器人在一汽、上(shang)汽、沈陽(yang)中順、金杯通(tong)用(yong)、重慶長(chang)安、湖南長(chang)豐等(deng)整車(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)企業廣泛應(ying)用(yong)，據統計(ji)每(mei)輛(liang)汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)身上(shang)，大約(yue)有3000～4000個電阻點(dian)焊焊點(dian)，電阻點(dian)焊技術的應(ying)用(yong)實現了汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)身制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)的量產化與自動化設備。

 相關標簽(qian)：自動化設備 灌膠機(ji)