自動化設備(bei)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的最(zui)初(chu)應用(yong)是在(zai)汽車(che)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，主要用(yong)于汽車(che)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械的噴涂(tu)及(ji)焊(han)接。目前，由于機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)技術以及(ji)研(yan)發的落(luo)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)還主要應用(yong)在(zai)制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)，非制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)使用(yong)的較少。據統(tong)計，近幾(ji)年(nian)國(guo)(guo)內廠家所生產的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)有超過一半(ban)是提供給汽車(che)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。可(ke)見，汽車(che)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的發展(zhan)是近幾(ji)年(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)增長的原(yuan)動力之一。

1、位(wei)(wei)于(yu)傳感器：當(dang)物件(jian)位(wei)(wei)置發生移(yi)(yi)動(dong)或兩個表面有位(wei)(wei)置差(cha)別時(shi)，位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)量(liang)或位(wei)(wei)置差(cha)可用(yong)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)傳感器來測量(liang)。比如激光位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)傳感器，將激光束投射到物件(jian)上，利(li)用(yong)三角(jiao)測量(liang)法測量(liang)出(chu)物件(jian)的位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)量(liang)。

2、視覺傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)：機(ji)器(qi)(qi)視覺檢測（識別(bie)）系(xi)統一般由數(shu)碼攝像機(ji)、光源(yuan)、計(ji)算機(ji)、圖像采集(ji)卡、監視屏以(yi)及機(ji)械安(an)裝和調節(jie)裝置組成。

3、光電(dian)(dian)傳感器(qi)：光電(dian)(dian)傳感器(qi)通常稱光電(dian)(dian)開(kai)關，它由(you)投光-受光頭、放(fang)大器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)-控制器(qi)等三(san)個組件組成(cheng)

　　焊(han)接機器(qi)人(ren)在(zai)汽(qi)車制(zhi)造業中發(fa)揮著不可替代的作用(yong)，焊(han)接機器(qi)人(ren)是在(zai)工(gong)業機器(qi)人(ren)基礎上(shang)發(fa)展起來的先(xian)進焊(han)接設備，是從事焊(han)接（包括切割與(yu)噴(pen)涂）的工(gong)業機器(qi)人(ren)，主要用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)業自動(dong)化(hua)領域，其(qi)廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)汽(qi)車及(ji)其(qi)零部(bu)件制(zhi)造、摩托(tuo)車、工(gong)程機械(xie)等行業，在(zai)汽(qi)車生產(chan)的沖壓、焊(han)裝、涂裝、總裝四大生產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)過程都有廣泛應用(yong)，其(qi)中應用(yong)最多的以弧焊(han)、點焊(han)為主。

（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)序自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化：制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程中包含若(ruo)(ruo)干個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，每個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序又(you)可能包含若(ruo)(ruo)干個基(ji)本動(dong)(dong)(dong)作以及操縱(zong)和管理這些(xie)基(ji)本動(dong)(dong)(dong)作的(de)操作動(dong)(dong)(dong)作。自動(dong)(dong)(dong)機及自動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置僅代(dai)替人完(wan)成一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)及輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)序自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化。

（2）自動(dong)化生(sheng)產線：如果一個(ge)(ge)工(gong)藝(yi)過程中的每個(ge)(ge)加(jia)工(gong)、檢驗工(gong)序都自動(dong)化了，而且各個(ge)(ge)工(gong)序的輸送聯系環也自動(dong)化了，工(gong)人只(zhi)需(xu)對整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)藝(yi)進行總(zong)操作和監督，這就形成了自動(dong)化加(jia)工(gong)生(sheng)產線。

（3）自(zi)動(dong)化制(zhi)造系統：從原(yuan)材料到最終成(cheng)平的生產全過程都不需(xu)要(yao)人工干預，這就形成(cheng)了制(zhi)造過程自(zi)動(dong)化。

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人（簡稱 IR）是廣泛適用的(de)能夠自主動(dong)作(zuo)，且多軸聯動(dong)的(de)機(ji)械設備(bei)。它們通常配備(bei)有機(ji)械手、刀具或其(qi)他可裝(zhuang)配的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，以及能夠執行搬運操作(zuo)與加工(gong)(gong)(gong)制造的(de)任務。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人在汽(qi)車生產(chan)(chan)中的(de)主要應(ying)用有：點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，鉚接，涂(tu)膠，噴涂(tu)等(deng)。在汽(qi)車零部件的(de)生產(chan)(chan)中廣泛采用了點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、對(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)及電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。例(li)如：橫梁總成(cheng)托(tuo)架點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，傳(chuan)動(dong)軸平衡片凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車燃(ran)油箱(xiang)縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車輪圈連續閃光對(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車轉(zhuan)向臂、消聲(sheng)器(qi)、凈化器(qi)殼(ke)體(ti)的(de)電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)。

       目前，焊接工業(ye)機器人(ren)在(zai)一汽、上(shang)汽、沈陽中順、金杯通用(yong)(yong)、重(zhong)慶長(chang)安、湖南(nan)長(chang)豐等整車制(zhi)造(zao)企業(ye)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)，據(ju)統計每輛汽車車身上(shang)，大約有3000～4000個(ge)電阻點焊焊點，電阻點焊技術的應用(yong)(yong)實現了汽車車身制(zhi)造(zao)的量產(chan)化與自動化設備。

 相關標簽：自動化設備 灌膠(jiao)機(ji)