自動化設備在我(wo)國(guo)，工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)的最初應(ying)用(yong)是在汽(qi)車(che)和(he)工(gong)程機(ji)械行業(ye)，主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)于(yu)汽(qi)車(che)及(ji)工(gong)程機(ji)械的噴涂(tu)及(ji)焊接。目前，由于(yu)機(ji)器人(ren)技術(shu)以及(ji)研發的落后，工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)還主要(yao)(yao)應(ying)用(yong)在制造業(ye)，非制造業(ye)使(shi)用(yong)的較少(shao)。據統計(ji)，近幾(ji)年國(guo)內廠家所(suo)生產的工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)有超過一半是提(ti)供(gong)給汽(qi)車(che)行業(ye)。可見，汽(qi)車(che)工(gong)業(ye)的發展是近幾(ji)年我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)增(zeng)長的原(yuan)動力之一。
1、位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于傳感器：當(dang)物(wu)件(jian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)生移動或兩個表(biao)面有位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)別(bie)時(shi)，位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)移量或位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)可用(yong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)移傳感器來測量。比(bi)如激光(guang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)移傳感器，將激光(guang)束投射到物(wu)件(jian)上，利用(yong)三角測量法測量出物(wu)件(jian)的位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)移量。
2、視(shi)覺傳感器(qi)：機(ji)器(qi)視(shi)覺檢測（識別）系統一(yi)般由(you)數碼(ma)攝像機(ji)、光(guang)源、計算機(ji)、圖像采集(ji)卡(ka)、監視(shi)屏以及(ji)機(ji)械安(an)裝和調(diao)節裝置組(zu)成。
3、光電(dian)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)：光電(dian)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)通常稱(cheng)光電(dian)開關，它由投光-受光頭、放大器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)源-控制器(qi)(qi)等三個組件(jian)組成
焊(han)(han)接(jie)機(ji)器人在汽(qi)車制造(zao)業(ye)中(zhong)發(fa)揮著不可替代的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，焊(han)(han)接(jie)機(ji)器人是在工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人基礎上發(fa)展起來(lai)的(de)(de)先進焊(han)(han)接(jie)設備，是從事焊(han)(han)接(jie)（包括切割與噴(pen)涂）的(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人，主要用于工(gong)業(ye)自(zi)動化(hua)領域，其廣泛應用于汽(qi)車及(ji)其零部件(jian)制造(zao)、摩托車、工(gong)程機(ji)械等行(xing)業(ye)，在汽(qi)車生(sheng)產的(de)(de)沖壓、焊(han)(han)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、涂裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)四(si)大生(sheng)產工(gong)藝過程都有(you)廣泛應用，其中(zhong)應用最多(duo)的(de)(de)以(yi)弧焊(han)(han)、點焊(han)(han)為主。
（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)自動化(hua)：制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程中包含(han)若(ruo)干個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)又可能包含(han)若(ruo)干個(ge)(ge)基(ji)本動作(zuo)以及操(cao)縱和管理這些基(ji)本動作(zuo)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)動作(zuo)。自動機及自動裝(zhuang)置僅代替人完成一個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)及輔(fu)助工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)自動化(hua)。
（2）自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)生產線：如果一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)中的每個(ge)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、檢(jian)驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序都自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)了，而且(qie)各個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序的輸送聯系環也自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)了，工(gong)(gong)(gong)人只需對(dui)整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝進行總操(cao)作和監督，這就形成了自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產線。
（3）自(zi)動(dong)化制(zhi)造(zao)系統：從原(yuan)材料到最終成平(ping)的生產(chan)全過程都不需要(yao)人工干(gan)預，這就形成了制(zhi)造(zao)過程自(zi)動(dong)化。
工(gong)(gong)業機器人(ren)（簡(jian)稱 IR）是廣泛適(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)自主(zhu)動作(zuo)，且多軸(zhou)聯(lian)動的(de)機械(xie)設(she)備(bei)。它(ta)們通常(chang)配備(bei)有機械(xie)手、刀具(ju)或其(qi)他(ta)可裝配的(de)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)，以(yi)及(ji)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)執行搬運操作(zuo)與加工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)造(zao)的(de)任務。工(gong)(gong)業機器人(ren)在(zai)汽(qi)車生產中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)(yong)有：點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，鉚接，涂膠，噴涂等(deng)(deng)(deng)。在(zai)汽(qi)車零(ling)部件的(de)生產中(zhong)(zhong)廣泛采用(yong)(yong)了點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、對(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)及(ji)電弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)(deng)(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接工(gong)(gong)藝。例(li)如：橫梁總(zong)成托架(jia)點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，傳動軸(zhou)平衡片(pian)凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車燃油(you)箱縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車輪圈(quan)連續閃光對(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車轉向臂、消聲器、凈化器殼(ke)體的(de)電弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。
目前，焊接工(gong)業機器(qi)人在一汽(qi)、上(shang)汽(qi)、沈陽(yang)中順、金杯通(tong)用、重(zhong)慶長安、湖南(nan)長豐(feng)等(deng)整車(che)(che)制造(zao)企業廣(guang)泛應用，據(ju)統計每輛汽(qi)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)身(shen)上(shang)，大約有3000～4000個電阻點焊焊點，電阻點焊技術的應用實現了汽(qi)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)身(shen)制造(zao)的量(liang)產化與(yu)自(zi)動化設備(bei)。
相關標簽：自動化設(she)備 灌(guan)膠機
