自動(dong)化(hua)設備(bei)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)的(de)最(zui)初應用(yong)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)汽車和工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械(xie)行業(ye)，主要用(yong)于汽車及工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械(xie)的(de)噴涂及焊接。目(mu)前，由于機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)技(ji)術以及研發的(de)落(luo)后，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)還(huan)主要應用(yong)在(zai)制造業(ye)，非制造業(ye)使用(yong)的(de)較少。據統計，近幾年國(guo)內廠家所生產的(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)有超過一(yi)半是(shi)(shi)提供給汽車行業(ye)。可見，汽車工(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)發展是(shi)(shi)近幾年我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)增長的(de)原動(dong)力之(zhi)一(yi)。

1、位(wei)(wei)于傳感(gan)器：當(dang)物件(jian)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)發生移動或兩個表面有位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)別時(shi)，位(wei)(wei)移量或位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)可用位(wei)(wei)移傳感(gan)器來(lai)測(ce)量。比(bi)如激光位(wei)(wei)移傳感(gan)器，將激光束投(tou)射(she)到物件(jian)上(shang)，利(li)用三角測(ce)量法(fa)測(ce)量出物件(jian)的位(wei)(wei)移量。

2、視(shi)覺傳感器(qi)：機(ji)器(qi)視(shi)覺檢測(ce)（識(shi)別）系統一般(ban)由數碼攝像(xiang)機(ji)、光(guang)源(yuan)、計(ji)算機(ji)、圖(tu)像(xiang)采集(ji)卡、監視(shi)屏以及機(ji)械(xie)安裝(zhuang)和調節裝(zhuang)置組成。

3、光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)傳感器(qi)(qi)：光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)傳感器(qi)(qi)通常稱光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)開關，它由投光(guang)(guang)-受(shou)光(guang)(guang)頭、放大(da)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)-控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)等三個組件(jian)組成(cheng)

　　焊(han)接機(ji)器(qi)人在汽車制(zhi)造(zao)業中(zhong)發揮著不可替代的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，焊(han)接機(ji)器(qi)人是在工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人基礎上發展起(qi)來(lai)的(de)先進焊(han)接設(she)備，是從事(shi)焊(han)接（包括切割與(yu)噴涂）的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人，主要用(yong)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)業自動(dong)化領域，其(qi)廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)于汽車及其(qi)零部件制(zhi)造(zao)、摩(mo)托車、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)等行業，在汽車生產的(de)沖壓、焊(han)裝、涂裝、總(zong)裝四(si)大生產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)(cheng)都有(you)廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)，其(qi)中(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)最(zui)多的(de)以(yi)弧(hu)焊(han)、點焊(han)為(wei)主。

（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)：制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程中包含(han)若(ruo)干個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，每個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)又可能包含(han)若(ruo)干個基本動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)以及(ji)操縱和管理這些基本動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機及(ji)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)僅(jin)代(dai)替人(ren)完成一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)。

（2）自動化生產(chan)線：如(ru)果一個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)藝過程中的(de)每個(ge)(ge)加工(gong)(gong)、檢驗工(gong)(gong)序都自動化了，而且各個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)序的(de)輸送聯(lian)系(xi)環也(ye)自動化了，工(gong)(gong)人只需對整個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)藝進行總操作和監督，這就(jiu)形成了自動化加工(gong)(gong)生產(chan)線。

（3）自動化(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)造系統：從原材料(liao)到最終(zhong)成(cheng)平的生產全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)都不需要人工干(gan)預，這就形成(cheng)了制(zhi)(zhi)造過(guo)程(cheng)自動化(hua)。

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人（簡稱 IR）是廣泛適用(yong)的能夠(gou)自(zi)主動作(zuo)，且多軸聯(lian)動的機(ji)械設備。它們通(tong)常配備有機(ji)械手、刀具或其他可(ke)裝(zhuang)配的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，以及能夠(gou)執(zhi)行搬(ban)運操作(zuo)與加工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)造的任務。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車生產(chan)(chan)中的主要應用(yong)有：點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)，弧焊(han)(han)(han)，鉚接(jie)，涂(tu)膠，噴涂(tu)等(deng)(deng)。在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車零部件的生產(chan)(chan)中廣泛采用(yong)了點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)、凸(tu)焊(han)(han)(han)、縫焊(han)(han)(han)、對焊(han)(han)(han)及電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)等(deng)(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。例(li)如：橫(heng)梁總成托架點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)，傳動軸平衡(heng)片(pian)凸(tu)焊(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車燃油(you)箱縫焊(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車輪圈連續閃(shan)光對焊(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車轉向臂、消聲器(qi)、凈(jing)化器(qi)殼體的電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)等(deng)(deng)。

       目前，焊接(jie)工業機器人在一汽(qi)、上(shang)汽(qi)、沈陽(yang)中順、金杯通用、重(zhong)慶長(chang)(chang)安、湖南長(chang)(chang)豐等(deng)整車制(zhi)造企業廣(guang)泛應用，據統計每輛汽(qi)車車身(shen)上(shang)，大約(yue)有3000～4000個電阻(zu)點(dian)焊焊點(dian)，電阻(zu)點(dian)焊技術(shu)的應用實現(xian)了汽(qi)車車身(shen)制(zhi)造的量產化與自動(dong)化設備。

 相(xiang)關(guan)標簽(qian)：自動化(hua)設備 灌膠(jiao)機