自(zi)動(dong)化設(she)備在(zai)我(wo)國，工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)的最初(chu)應用是在(zai)汽車(che)和工(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械行(xing)業(ye)，主要用于汽車(che)及(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械的噴涂及(ji)(ji)(ji)焊接(jie)。目前(qian)，由于機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)技術以及(ji)(ji)(ji)研(yan)發(fa)的落后，工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)還(huan)主要應用在(zai)制造業(ye)，非制造業(ye)使(shi)用的較(jiao)少。據統計，近幾年國內廠家所生產的工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)有超過一半是提供給汽車(che)行(xing)業(ye)。可見，汽車(che)工(gong)業(ye)的發(fa)展是近幾年我(wo)國工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)增長的原動(dong)力(li)之一。
1、位(wei)于傳(chuan)(chuan)感器：當(dang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)件位(wei)置(zhi)發(fa)生移(yi)動或(huo)兩個表面(mian)有位(wei)置(zhi)差(cha)別(bie)時(shi)，位(wei)移(yi)量或(huo)位(wei)置(zhi)差(cha)可用位(wei)移(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器來測(ce)量。比如激光(guang)位(wei)移(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器，將激光(guang)束投射到物(wu)(wu)(wu)件上，利用三角測(ce)量法測(ce)量出物(wu)(wu)(wu)件的位(wei)移(yi)量。
2、視(shi)覺傳感(gan)器(qi)：機(ji)(ji)器(qi)視(shi)覺檢(jian)測（識別(bie)）系統一(yi)般由(you)數(shu)碼攝像機(ji)(ji)、光源、計算機(ji)(ji)、圖(tu)像采集卡、監視(shi)屏以(yi)及機(ji)(ji)械(xie)安裝和調節裝置組成(cheng)。
3、光(guang)電傳感器(qi)：光(guang)電傳感器(qi)通(tong)常稱光(guang)電開關(guan)，它由(you)投光(guang)-受光(guang)頭(tou)、放大器(qi)、電源-控制(zhi)器(qi)等(deng)三個(ge)組件(jian)組成
焊(han)(han)接(jie)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)制造業(ye)中發(fa)(fa)揮著(zhu)不(bu)可(ke)替代的(de)作用(yong)(yong)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)是在(zai)(zai)工業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)基(ji)礎上發(fa)(fa)展起來的(de)先進(jin)焊(han)(han)接(jie)設備，是從事(shi)焊(han)(han)接(jie)（包括切割與(yu)噴涂）的(de)工業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于工業(ye)自(zi)動化領域，其廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)及其零部(bu)件制造、摩托車(che)(che)(che)、工程機(ji)械等行(xing)業(ye)，在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)生(sheng)產的(de)沖壓、焊(han)(han)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、涂裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)四大生(sheng)產工藝過程都有廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，其中應(ying)用(yong)(yong)最多的(de)以弧焊(han)(han)、點焊(han)(han)為主。
（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化：制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過程中(zhong)包(bao)含(han)若(ruo)干個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，每個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序又(you)可能(neng)包(bao)含(han)若(ruo)干個(ge)基(ji)本動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)以及操(cao)縱(zong)和管理這些基(ji)本動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機及自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置僅(jin)代替人完(wan)成一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化。
（2）自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產線：如果(guo)一個(ge)工(gong)藝過程(cheng)中的每(mei)個(ge)加工(gong)、檢驗工(gong)序都自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)(hua)了(le)，而且各個(ge)工(gong)序的輸送聯(lian)系環也自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)(hua)了(le)，工(gong)人只需對整個(ge)工(gong)藝進行總(zong)操作和監(jian)督(du)，這(zhe)就形成了(le)自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)(hua)加工(gong)生(sheng)產線。
（3）自(zi)動(dong)化制(zhi)造(zao)系(xi)統：從原材料到(dao)最終成平的(de)生產全過(guo)程都不需要人工干預，這就形成了制(zhi)造(zao)過(guo)程自(zi)動(dong)化。
工(gong)業(ye)機器人（簡稱 IR）是(shi)廣泛適用的(de)能(neng)夠(gou)自主動作，且多軸聯(lian)動的(de)機械(xie)(xie)設(she)備(bei)。它們(men)通常配(pei)(pei)備(bei)有機械(xie)(xie)手、刀具或其(qi)他可裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)具，以及能(neng)夠(gou)執行搬運操作與加(jia)工(gong)制(zhi)造的(de)任務。工(gong)業(ye)機器人在(zai)汽(qi)車(che)生產(chan)中的(de)主要應用有：點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，鉚接，涂(tu)膠(jiao)，噴涂(tu)等(deng)。在(zai)汽(qi)車(che)零部件的(de)生產(chan)中廣泛采用了點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)及電(dian)弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接工(gong)藝。例(li)如：橫梁總成托(tuo)架點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，傳(chuan)動軸平衡片凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)燃油箱縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)輪圈連續閃光對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)轉向臂、消聲器、凈化器殼體(ti)的(de)電(dian)弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)。
目前(qian)，焊(han)接工業機器人在一汽、上(shang)汽、沈陽中(zhong)順、金杯通用(yong)(yong)、重(zhong)慶長(chang)安、湖南長(chang)豐等整車(che)制造企(qi)業廣泛應用(yong)(yong)，據統計每輛汽車(che)車(che)身上(shang)，大約有(you)3000～4000個(ge)電阻(zu)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)焊(han)點(dian)(dian)，電阻(zu)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)技術的應用(yong)(yong)實(shi)現了汽車(che)車(che)身制造的量產化與自動化設備。
相關標簽：自動化設備 灌膠機
