自動(dong)化(hua)設(she)備在(zai)我國(guo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)(de)最初應(ying)(ying)用(yong)是(shi)在(zai)汽(qi)車和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行業(ye)(ye)，主要用(yong)于汽(qi)車及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)噴涂及(ji)焊(han)接。目前，由(you)于機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)技術以及(ji)研發(fa)的(de)(de)落后，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)還主要應(ying)(ying)用(yong)在(zai)制造業(ye)(ye)，非制造業(ye)(ye)使用(yong)的(de)(de)較少。據統計，近(jin)(jin)幾年國(guo)內廠家所生產的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)有超過一(yi)半是(shi)提供給汽(qi)車行業(ye)(ye)。可(ke)見，汽(qi)車工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展是(shi)近(jin)(jin)幾年我國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)增長的(de)(de)原動(dong)力(li)之一(yi)。

1、位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于傳感(gan)器：當物(wu)(wu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)發生(sheng)移動或(huo)(huo)兩個表面有位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)差別時，位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)移量(liang)(liang)(liang)或(huo)(huo)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)差可(ke)用位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)移傳感(gan)器來測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。比(bi)如激(ji)光位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)移傳感(gan)器，將激(ji)光束投射到物(wu)(wu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)，利用三角測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)法測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)出物(wu)(wu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)移量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

2、視(shi)(shi)覺傳感(gan)器：機(ji)(ji)器視(shi)(shi)覺檢測(ce)（識別(bie)）系統(tong)一般由數碼攝像機(ji)(ji)、光(guang)源、計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)、圖像采(cai)集卡、監視(shi)(shi)屏以(yi)及機(ji)(ji)械安(an)裝和(he)調節(jie)裝置組(zu)成。

3、光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)傳感(gan)器：光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)傳感(gan)器通(tong)常(chang)稱光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)開關，它由投(tou)光(guang)(guang)-受光(guang)(guang)頭、放大器、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)-控制器等三個(ge)組件組成

　　焊接機(ji)器人(ren)在(zai)汽(qi)車制造業(ye)中(zhong)發揮著不可替代(dai)的(de)作用，焊接機(ji)器人(ren)是在(zai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)基礎上發展起來(lai)的(de)先進焊接設備，是從(cong)事焊接（包括切割(ge)與噴涂(tu)）的(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)，主要用于(yu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)自動化(hua)領域(yu)，其(qi)廣泛應用于(yu)汽(qi)車及其(qi)零部件制造、摩(mo)托車、工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)等行業(ye)，在(zai)汽(qi)車生產的(de)沖壓、焊裝(zhuang)、涂(tu)裝(zhuang)、總裝(zhuang)四大生產工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程都(dou)有廣泛應用，其(qi)中(zhong)應用最多(duo)的(de)以弧焊、點焊為主。

（1）工(gong)(gong)序(xu)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化：制造工(gong)(gong)藝過程中(zhong)包(bao)含(han)若(ruo)干個工(gong)(gong)序(xu)，每(mei)個工(gong)(gong)序(xu)又可能包(bao)含(han)若(ruo)干個基(ji)本動(dong)作(zuo)以及操縱和管理(li)這(zhe)些基(ji)本動(dong)作(zuo)的操作(zuo)動(dong)作(zuo)。自(zi)(zi)動(dong)機及自(zi)(zi)動(dong)裝置(zhi)僅代替人完成(cheng)一個工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的加工(gong)(gong)及輔助(zhu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)序(xu)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化。

（2）自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)生產線：如果一個工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程中的(de)每個加工(gong)(gong)、檢驗工(gong)(gong)序都自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)了(le)，而且各(ge)個工(gong)(gong)序的(de)輸送聯(lian)系環(huan)也自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)了(le)，工(gong)(gong)人只需(xu)對(dui)整個工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)進行(xing)總操作和監(jian)督，這就形成了(le)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)加工(gong)(gong)生產線。

（3）自動化制造(zao)(zao)系(xi)統：從原材料到最終成平(ping)的生產全過程(cheng)都不需要人(ren)工干預，這就形成了制造(zao)(zao)過程(cheng)自動化。

　　工(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)（簡稱 IR）是廣泛適用(yong)的能夠自主動作(zuo)，且多(duo)軸聯(lian)動的機(ji)(ji)械設備。它們通常配(pei)備有(you)機(ji)(ji)械手、刀具或其他可裝配(pei)的加工(gong)工(gong)具，以(yi)及能夠執行(xing)搬運操作(zuo)與加工(gong)制(zhi)造(zao)的任務。工(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)在汽(qi)車(che)(che)生產中的主要應用(yong)有(you)：點焊(han)(han)(han)，弧焊(han)(han)(han)，鉚接，涂膠，噴涂等(deng)。在汽(qi)車(che)(che)零部(bu)件的生產中廣泛采用(yong)了(le)點焊(han)(han)(han)、凸焊(han)(han)(han)、縫焊(han)(han)(han)、對焊(han)(han)(han)及電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)等(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)接工(gong)藝。例如：橫梁(liang)總成托架點焊(han)(han)(han)，傳(chuan)動軸平衡片(pian)凸焊(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)(che)燃油(you)箱(xiang)縫焊(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)(che)輪圈連(lian)續(xu)閃光對焊(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)(che)轉向臂(bei)、消聲器(qi)、凈化器(qi)殼(ke)體的電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)等(deng)。

       目前，焊接工業機(ji)器人(ren)在一汽、上汽、沈(shen)陽中順(shun)、金杯(bei)通用(yong)、重慶長安(an)、湖南長豐(feng)等整車(che)制(zhi)造企業廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)，據統計每輛汽車(che)車(che)身上，大(da)約有(you)3000～4000個電(dian)阻點焊焊點，電(dian)阻點焊技(ji)術的應用(yong)實現了汽車(che)車(che)身制(zhi)造的量產化與自(zi)動化設備。

 相關標(biao)簽：自動化設(she)備(bei) 灌膠機