自動化設備(bei)在我(wo)國，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)的(de)最(zui)初應(ying)用是在汽車(che)和工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，主要(yao)用于(yu)(yu)汽車(che)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械的(de)噴涂(tu)及(ji)焊接。目前(qian)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)技(ji)術以及(ji)研發(fa)的(de)落后，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)還主要(yao)應(ying)用在制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，非制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)使用的(de)較少。據統計，近幾年國內(nei)廠家所生產的(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)有(you)超過一半是提供給汽車(che)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。可見，汽車(che)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)展是近幾年我(wo)國工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)增長(chang)的(de)原動力之一。

1、位于(yu)傳感器：當物件位置發生移(yi)動或兩個表(biao)面有位置差(cha)別時，位移(yi)量或位置差(cha)可用位移(yi)傳感器來測量。比如激光位移(yi)傳感器，將激光束投射到(dao)物件上，利(li)用三角(jiao)測量法測量出(chu)物件的位移(yi)量。

2、視(shi)覺傳感器(qi)：機器(qi)視(shi)覺檢測（識別）系統一般由數碼攝像機、光源(yuan)、計算機、圖像采集卡、監視(shi)屏以及機械安(an)裝(zhuang)和調節(jie)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)組成。

3、光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)：光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)通常稱(cheng)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)開關，它(ta)由投(tou)光(guang)(guang)-受光(guang)(guang)頭、放大器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)源-控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)等三個組件(jian)組成

　　焊(han)接(jie)機(ji)器(qi)人在汽車(che)制造(zao)業中(zhong)(zhong)發揮著(zhu)不可(ke)替代的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，焊(han)接(jie)機(ji)器(qi)人是(shi)在工(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人基礎上(shang)發展起來的(de)(de)(de)先進焊(han)接(jie)設(she)備，是(shi)從事焊(han)接(jie)（包括(kuo)切(qie)割與噴涂）的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器(qi)人，主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)(gong)業自動(dong)化領(ling)域(yu)，其(qi)(qi)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于汽車(che)及其(qi)(qi)零部件制造(zao)、摩托車(che)、工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械等行(xing)業，在汽車(che)生產的(de)(de)(de)沖壓、焊(han)裝(zhuang)、涂裝(zhuang)、總裝(zhuang)四大(da)生產工(gong)(gong)藝過程都有(you)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)最多的(de)(de)(de)以弧(hu)焊(han)、點焊(han)為主。

（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)自(zi)動(dong)化：制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過程中包含若(ruo)干(gan)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，每個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)又(you)可能(neng)包含若(ruo)干(gan)個(ge)基本(ben)動(dong)作以及操縱和(he)管理這些基本(ben)動(dong)作的操作動(dong)作。自(zi)動(dong)機及自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置僅(jin)代替人完成一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)及輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)自(zi)動(dong)化。

（2）自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化生產線：如果一(yi)個工(gong)藝過程中的(de)每個加(jia)工(gong)、檢驗工(gong)序都(dou)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化了，而且各個工(gong)序的(de)輸送聯系環(huan)也自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化了，工(gong)人(ren)只(zhi)需對整個工(gong)藝進行(xing)總操(cao)作和監督，這就形成了自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化加(jia)工(gong)生產線。

（3）自(zi)動化(hua)制造(zao)系統：從原材料到最終成平(ping)的生產全過(guo)程(cheng)都不需要人工干預，這就形成了制造(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)自(zi)動化(hua)。

　　工(gong)(gong)業機(ji)(ji)(ji)器人（簡稱 IR）是廣(guang)泛適(shi)用的(de)(de)能(neng)夠(gou)自主(zhu)動作(zuo)，且多軸聯動的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)設備。它們(men)通常(chang)配備有機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)手、刀具或其他可(ke)裝配的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)具，以及能(neng)夠(gou)執行搬運操作(zuo)與(yu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)制造的(de)(de)任務。工(gong)(gong)業機(ji)(ji)(ji)器人在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車生產(chan)中的(de)(de)主(zhu)要應用有：點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，鉚接(jie)(jie)，涂膠，噴涂等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車零部件的(de)(de)生產(chan)中廣(guang)泛采用了點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、凸(tu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)及電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)工(gong)(gong)藝。例如：橫梁總成托架點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，傳動軸平衡片凸(tu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車燃油(you)箱縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車輪圈連續閃光(guang)對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車轉向臂(bei)、消(xiao)聲器、凈化器殼體的(de)(de)電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)(deng)。

       目前，焊(han)(han)接(jie)工業機(ji)器人(ren)在一汽、上(shang)汽、沈陽(yang)中順、金杯通用(yong)、重(zhong)慶長安、湖南長豐等整車(che)制(zhi)造企(qi)業廣泛應(ying)用(yong)，據統(tong)計每輛汽車(che)車(che)身上(shang)，大約有(you)3000～4000個電(dian)阻點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)焊(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)阻點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)技術的應(ying)用(yong)實現了汽車(che)車(che)身制(zhi)造的量(liang)產化(hua)(hua)與自動化(hua)(hua)設(she)備(bei)。

 相關標(biao)簽：自動(dong)化(hua)設(she)備 灌膠機