自動(dong)化設(she)備在我(wo)國(guo)，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)的(de)最初應用(yong)是在汽(qi)車和工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械行業(ye)，主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)汽(qi)車及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械的(de)噴涂及(ji)(ji)焊接。目前(qian)，由于(yu)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)技術以及(ji)(ji)研發的(de)落后，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)還主(zhu)要應用(yong)在制造業(ye)，非制造業(ye)使用(yong)的(de)較少。據統(tong)計(ji)，近幾(ji)年國(guo)內廠家所(suo)生產的(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)有超過一(yi)半是提供給汽(qi)車行業(ye)。可(ke)見，汽(qi)車工(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)發展是近幾(ji)年我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)增長的(de)原動(dong)力之一(yi)。

1、位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)傳(chuan)感器：當物(wu)(wu)件位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)發生移(yi)動或兩個表面(mian)有位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)差別時，位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)量或位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)差可用(yong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)傳(chuan)感器來測(ce)量。比如激光(guang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)傳(chuan)感器，將激光(guang)束投射到物(wu)(wu)件上(shang)，利用(yong)三角(jiao)測(ce)量法測(ce)量出物(wu)(wu)件的位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)量。

2、視(shi)覺傳感器：機(ji)器視(shi)覺檢測（識(shi)別(bie)）系統一般由數碼攝像機(ji)、光(guang)源、計(ji)算機(ji)、圖像采集卡、監視(shi)屏以及機(ji)械安裝和調節(jie)裝置組成。

3、光(guang)(guang)電傳感器(qi)：光(guang)(guang)電傳感器(qi)通常稱(cheng)光(guang)(guang)電開(kai)關(guan)，它由投光(guang)(guang)-受光(guang)(guang)頭、放大器(qi)、電源-控制(zhi)器(qi)等三個組件組成

　　焊(han)接(jie)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)在汽(qi)(qi)車(che)制造業(ye)中發揮著不(bu)可替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，焊(han)接(jie)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)是在工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)基礎上發展起來的(de)(de)(de)先進焊(han)接(jie)設備，是從事焊(han)接(jie)（包括切(qie)割與噴涂）的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)，主要用(yong)于工(gong)業(ye)自動化領域，其(qi)廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)于汽(qi)(qi)車(che)及其(qi)零部件制造、摩托車(che)、工(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)，在汽(qi)(qi)車(che)生產的(de)(de)(de)沖壓、焊(han)裝、涂裝、總裝四大生產工(gong)藝過程都有廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)，其(qi)中應(ying)用(yong)最多的(de)(de)(de)以弧焊(han)、點焊(han)為(wei)主。

（1）工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)自動(dong)(dong)化：制造(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程中(zhong)包(bao)含若干(gan)(gan)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，每(mei)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)又可(ke)能包(bao)含若干(gan)(gan)個(ge)基(ji)本動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)操(cao)縱(zong)和管理這些基(ji)本動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)。自動(dong)(dong)機及(ji)(ji)自動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置僅(jin)代替人完成一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)(ji)輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)自動(dong)(dong)化。

（2）自(zi)動化(hua)生產線(xian)：如(ru)果一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程中的每個加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、檢驗工(gong)(gong)(gong)序都自(zi)動化(hua)了，而且各(ge)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序的輸(shu)送聯(lian)系環也自(zi)動化(hua)了，工(gong)(gong)(gong)人只(zhi)需對(dui)整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝進行(xing)總操作和監督(du)，這就形(xing)成了自(zi)動化(hua)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產線(xian)。

（3）自動(dong)化制造系統：從原材料到最終成(cheng)平(ping)的生產全過(guo)程(cheng)都不需要(yao)人工干預，這就(jiu)形成(cheng)了制造過(guo)程(cheng)自動(dong)化。

　　工(gong)(gong)業機器(qi)人（簡稱 IR）是(shi)廣(guang)泛適用(yong)的(de)(de)能(neng)夠自主動(dong)作(zuo)，且多軸(zhou)聯動(dong)的(de)(de)機械設備。它們通常配備有機械手、刀具或(huo)其他可裝配的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)具，以及能(neng)夠執行(xing)搬(ban)運操(cao)作(zuo)與加(jia)工(gong)(gong)制造的(de)(de)任務(wu)。工(gong)(gong)業機器(qi)人在汽(qi)車(che)(che)生產中的(de)(de)主要應用(yong)有：點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，鉚接，涂膠，噴涂等(deng)。在汽(qi)車(che)(che)零部(bu)件的(de)(de)生產中廣(guang)泛采用(yong)了點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)及電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接工(gong)(gong)藝。例如：橫梁(liang)總成托架點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，傳動(dong)軸(zhou)平(ping)衡片(pian)凸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)(che)燃油箱縫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)(che)輪(lun)圈連續閃(shan)光(guang)對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，汽(qi)車(che)(che)轉向臂、消聲器(qi)、凈化器(qi)殼(ke)體的(de)(de)電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)等(deng)。

       目前(qian)，焊(han)(han)接工業機器人在(zai)一汽(qi)、上汽(qi)、沈(shen)陽中順、金杯通用(yong)、重(zhong)慶長安、湖南長豐等整車制造企業廣泛應(ying)用(yong)，據統(tong)計每輛汽(qi)車車身(shen)上，大(da)約有3000～4000個電阻點焊(han)(han)焊(han)(han)點，電阻點焊(han)(han)技術(shu)的應(ying)用(yong)實現(xian)了汽(qi)車車身(shen)制造的量(liang)產(chan)化(hua)與自動化(hua)設備(bei)。

 相關標(biao)簽：自動(dong)化(hua)設(she)備 灌膠機(ji)